Was Shakespeare Really in Love? Essay -- William Shakespeare Playwrigh

Was Shakespeare Really in Love? William Shakespeare is arguably one of the best playwrights of all time, and he is certainly one of the most well-known writers in the history of literature. Shakespeare is a classic example of how art and literature can touch so many people’s lives and hearts. His work has been enjoyed by millions of people for four hundred years, and today, his plays are still being performed daily all over the world. He wrote a total of thirty-seven plays and 154 sonnets in his lifetime. Plays like Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, and Macbeth are recognized by most people, and they, coupled with his beautiful sonnets, are clear evidence that Shakespeare was a romantic man. Over four hundred years ago, Shakespeare was born in Stratford-upon-Avon, about 100 miles northwest of London, in April of 1564. Shakespeare was the first son and the third child born to his parents, John and Mary Shakespeare. His father was a â€Å"glover,† a maker, worker and seller of leather goods, such as gloves, purses, and belts. Most scholars agree that Shakespeare attended the Stratford grammar school, where he learned the English alphabet, as well as reading and writing in Latin. In grammar school, Shakespeare would have been exposed to Latin authors such as Cicero, Virgil, Seneca, and Ovid. It was in grammar school that Shakespeare fell in love with literature, yet when Shakespeare was around thirteen years old, his father was forced to take him out of grammar school to help him with the business at home. Most scholars believe Shakespeare continued enjoying Latin and English literature throughout his entire lifetime. Clearly, he was familiar with such literature, and a life-long student, because many of his plays are modeled after pr... ...Shakespeare. New York: Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers Inc., 2002. Mabillard, Amanda. â€Å"Shakespeare of Stratford.†Shakespeare Online. 2000. http://www.shakespeare-online.com/biography/default.asp. (11/20/2002). Kinney, Sarah. â€Å"Shakespeare’s Marriage – Is it Reflected in His Plays?† http://www.calvin.edu/academic/engl/346/proj/skinney.htm. (11/27/2002). Almasy, Rudolph. Daniel, Rebecca. Gerlach, Jeanne. â€Å"Revisiting Shakespeare and Gender.†Digital Library & Archives. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/WILLA/fall96/gerlach.html Gray, Terry. â€Å"1564 Birth & Early Years.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"1582 Marriage.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"1608 Romance & Reconciliation.†A Shakespeare Timeline. 1998. http://shakespeare.palomar.edu/timeline/timeline.htm Ward, Ian. â€Å"Shakespeare and the Politics of Community.† Early Modern Literary Studies. 1999. http://www.shu.ac.uk/emls/04-3/wardshak.html

Focus Group

INTRODUCTION Focus group is a qualitative technique used mostly in marketing research and also other areas of research. This technique is used to collect primary data. This document consists of information about focus group. The main objective of this assignment was to investigate how focus groups techniques are used to collect primary data about the phenomenon at hand in the real world. The research method used was Google scholar for academic journals.The campus library database was also used for more academic journals and textbooks from the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (NMMU) different libraries. The main problem experienced in the completion of this document was that most textbooks about this studied topic were outdated in the author’s campus. Hence, different campuses of NMMU were visited and the right textbooks were found. This document presents a review of the literature on focus groups. It continues with an empirical study on organisational corruption in secon dary schools.Also included, is the reference list of all cited sources as well as an annexure. 2 FOCUS GROUPS In the collection of primary data there are two research methods that can be of use, quantitative and qualitative methods, which can both be subdivided into idiosyncratic primary data collection methods. Because the main focus of this document is on focus groups, therefore only qualitative techniques will be mentioned which are in-depth interviews, projective techniques and focus groups. Seymour (2004:04) defines focus groups (F.G) as â€Å"group of interacting individuals having some common interest or characteristics, brought together by a moderator, who uses the group and its interactions as a way to gain information about a specific or focused issue†. This technique has been utilised in many fields to collect primary data as mentioned above and its characteristics are discussed in the following section. 2. 1 CHARACTERISTICS OF FOCUS GROUPS When F. G are considered to be used in a certain research study then there are characteristics which have to be taken into account, which are: group size, group composition, physical setting, moderator, recording tools and length f group discussion. Below it is a detailed review on each of the above mentioned characteristics of F. G. 2. 1. 1 Group size When determining to embark on F. G one has to think about the size (number) of that certain F. G. Despite the confusion that can be created by different sources stating a different number of possible group sizes. The research of F. G can be undertaken with a group of 4- 12 people (Tong, Sainsbury & Craig 2007:351). Large F. G group size can jeopardise the discussion as it may be difficult to handle the discussion, even so the group size depends on the complexity of the research study. . 1. 2 Group composition After the group size had been decided then the group composition must be considered as well. All participants taking part in a F. G must be homogen eous in the interest of the studied phenomenon (Malhotra & Birks 2006:160). Participants with similar characteristics, which the study is about, make the discussion easier and nicely flowing. 2. 1. 3 Physical setting When choosing the venue to carry out a F. G it is imperative that the chosen venue must also meet the aspects of the phenomenon at hand and of the participants.Daymon and Holloway (2002:194) state that â€Å"choosing the right environment for traditional focus groups plays a vital role as it can attract freely expressed opinions from the participants†. 2. 1. 4 Moderator In the success of F. G moderators play a vital role. It is of crucial role that moderators in F. G keep the environment safe so participants can freely express their opinions and most importantly must use probe questions; such requires a great experience from the moderator (Hague, P. , Hague, N. & Morgan 2004:53).Therefore, the moderator ought to possess skills such as creating chemistry w ith the participants, keep the flow of the discussion and analysing the data collected. 2. 1. 5 Recording tools No person can be able to cram exactly a discussion of over 20 minutes by his head; some points will certainly be missed. Wiid & Diggines (2009:90) express that â€Å"sessions should preferably be recorded (both visual and audio) so that the researcher can review the sessions later in order to gain further insights†.These tools therefore, assist to keep the already realised needed data and the data that the moderator was unaware of during the discussion. 2. 1. 6 Length of group discussion When planning F. G it is essential to plan the duration precisely as it may play an impact on the data collected. However, just like group sizes, length of F. G depends on the complexity of the issue at hand. The more complex of the issue is the more the duration of the discussion is required, but if so then breaks must be taken in between to let the participants to enliven and produce successful F. G (Malhotra & Birks 2006:161).While on the hand, Seymour (2004:05) being unambiguous reveals that â€Å"most focus groups encompass 90 minutes to three hours of discussion†. With the above discussed characteristics of F. G considered, then one has to scrutinise the advantages and disadvantages of F. G. The following section discusses the advantages and disadvantages of F. G. 2. 2 ADVANTAGES F. G has its own advantages which can attract this technique to be used. These advantages are discussed individually beneath. Cost- because discussions are done simultaneously then it reduces the cost (Wiid & Diggines 2009:91).Speed- because a number of individuals are being interviewed at the same time, data collection and analysis proceeds speedily (Gerber-Nel, Nel & Kotze 2003:104). Synergy- a discussion with a number of participants can also be of help by generating more information than one-on-one interviews (University of Toronto [UT] 2002:02). Snowb all- Malhotra & Birks (2006:162) state that â€Å"a bandwagon effect often operates in a group discussion in that one person’s comment triggers a chain reaction from the other respondents†.In elaboration, a comment from one of the participants may reveal an idea to some other participant(s). Scientific scrutiny- because the moderator is also in the venue of discussion with participants, it also gives the moderator the opportunity to also observe (Malhotra & Birks 2006:162). However, disadvantages investigated by the author are more than the mentioned above but the above mentioned are those anticipated as most important. 2. 3 DISADVANTAGES Focus groups have advantages which can jeopardise the collected data or the data collection process itself.These advantages are explained below. Misjudgement- Gerber-Nel et al (2003:104) utter that â€Å"results are misinterpreted due to bias†. Non representative sample- because of the small number of participants in to tal as compared to quantitative, therefore participants in F. G cannot represent any population (Wiid & Diggines 2009:91). Inconclusive results- the results of F. G only retort to ‘what’ but not ‘why’ which can sometimes make the narrow and create a need for a quantitative research study (Gerber-Nel et al 2003:104).Difficulty in analysing- this method mostly consists of words which make it more difficult to analyse (Grudens-Schuck, Allen & Larson 2004: ¶9). 2. 4 WHEN TO USE FOCUS GROUPS With the above discussed sections it is also vital for one to know when to utilise F. G. Focus groups are mostly used to discover behaviour, perceptions, attitudes and processes (Hague et al 2004:50). These traits that F. G are used to discover which responds to the question of ‘when to use focus groups? ’, which in respond will be, F.G can be used in; stand alone method, supplementary to a survey and as a part of multi method design (Daymon & Holl ower 2002:188). The following section will discuss the use of F. G in the study of organisational corruption in secondary schools in Turkey and the information provided is based on annexure A. 3 FOCUS GROUP STUDY ON ORGANISATIONAL CORRUPTION IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN ANKARA In Turkey after it was seen that the level of corruption in secondary schools is high, it was then seen important that a study on this problem should be undertaken.The moderator and his assistant decided to use F. G study to identify the perceptions of teachers in Ankara (a city in Turkey). The group sizes of the study were eight and nine respectively, which in total consisted of 17 participants (12 males and 5 females). These participants were chosen due to homogeneous attributes meeting the studied problem, because this study is about secondary schools therefore the participants were critically recruited due to their profession of teaching. Thereafter, the moderator and his assistant held the F. G in a cosmopolit an city of Turkey known by the name Ankara.Apaydin & Balci (2011:821) state that in the study â€Å"audio and video recordings were taken informed consent†. Which helped to later on even realise information shared which the researchers were not aware of. The duration of each focus group was 90 minutes, which the researchers felt the time it was the right time, for each group discussion. The fact that F. G were held made it less costly for this study than any other possible study because a large number of people participated in this study at a time which also made it quite quicker.Some points in this study were raised up by addition or revealing of another idea by some other participant’s comment. On the other hand, the researchers also saw that because at first the participants were suppose to represent secondary schools of Turkey as a nation then later converted to the cosmopolitan city Ankara but still the researchers saw that the number of total participants is quite diminutive to represent such large population. On the findings of this study it was seen of importance that further study should be carried out on different groups so the findings can be generalised. CONCLUSION This study has been a great study which can be improvised in a way. Such way is that the researchers must carry on with the focus groups and compare findings, if even after several discussions same findings are gathered then it would be a point where the findings can be generalised for the secondary schools in Ankara. REFERENCE LIST Apaydin, C. & Balci, A. 2011. Education. Organizational Corruption in Secondary Schools: A Focus Group Study, 131(4):818-829. Daymon, C. & Holloway, I. 2002.Qualitative research methods in public relations andmarketing communications. London: Routledge. Gerber-Nel, C. , Nel, D. & Kotze, T. 2003. Marketing research. Claremont: New African Books. Grudens-Schuck, N. , Allen, B. L. & Larson, K. 2004. Focus group fundamentals. Met hodology Brief: 9. Hague, P. , Hague, N. & Morgan, C. 2004. Marketing research in practice: A guide to the basics. London: Kogan Page. Malhotra, N. K. & Birks, D. F. 2006. Marketing research: An applied approach. 2nd rev ed. Harlow: Prentice Hall.Seymour, A. 2004. Focus groups. An Important Tool for Strategic Planning:1-32. Tong, A. , Sainsbury, P. & Craig, J. 2007. International journal for quality in health care. Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ): a 32-item Checklist for Interviews and Focus Groups, 19(6):349-357. University of Toronto. 2002. The health communication unit. Using Focus Groups, 02:1-59. Wiid, J. & Diggines, C. 2009. Marketing research. Cape Town: Juta. ANNEXURE A: ORGANIZATIONAL CORRUPTION IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS: A FOCUS GROUP STUDY

Sleep Apnea And Its Effect On Life Expectancy - 1726 Words

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The scientific journal articles will be analyzed and compared to the Cosmopolitan articl e. as summarized above. The journal article by Motivala and Irwin (2007), Sleep and Immunity: Cytokine Pathways Linking Sleep and Health, published in Current Directions in Psychological Science journal, details the mechanism sleep influences the immune system. The study analyzes the role of immunological signalling molecules cytokines and interleukin on regulating sleep(Motivala Irwin, 2007). Cytokine molecules are crucial to sleep regulation in that higher levels of the signalling molecule areShow MoreRelatedSleep : A Sleep Cycle2079 Words   |  9 Pages Sleep is needed in everyone’s life because the body and mind need to rest in order for you to function fully. Sleeping disorders are common in many people life, according to the book â€Å"there are about 81 different types of sleeping disorders† (Engdahl, 18). 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The medical conditions that can go along with Down syndrome, and are caused by extra chromosome include: congenital heart defects, hearing loss, poor vision, cataracts, hip problems, leukemia, chronic constipation, sleep apnea, dementia, hypothyroidism, obesity, and late tooth growth. The life expectancy has gone up since 1983, from 25 to about 60 todayRead MoreObesity As A Body Mass Index ( Bmi )1458 Words   |  6 Pagesmany years of productive life with many adverse biological, emotional, and social consequences (Olshansky et al., 2005). The CDC (2008b) reported that biological consequences of childhood obesity include hypertension, osteoarthritis, dyslipidemia, type 2 d iabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, gall bladder disease, sleep apnea, respiratory problems, and some cancers. The obesity epidemic has been described as a â€Å"threatening storm† that may result in reduced life expectancy as early as the first half

Thesis I Had A Hard Time Picking - 915 Words

Thesis/Outline: I had a hard time picking which essays to use. I had a lengthy discussion with myself before I decided on â€Å"What Does It Means To Be Well-Educated† by Alfie Kohn. I do think that I’m well educated even though I didn’t learn anything from the school district that I was enrolled in I always said to myself that I wouldn’t want my children to have to go through the things I had to go through. How I became aware of things or learn things was because I do a lot of research and ask questions so I can find out more about what I need and wanted to know. What I think about the term â€Å"what does it mean to be well-educated† is I am aware that some believe, based on their own words, that if black children grow up to be adults who are well-educated, friendly, and polite, no harm won t come to them. If they obey the rules, they ll be safe. But recent news has proven that this isn’t always true. There aren’t any hard and fast rules, promises, assurance, or guarantees. 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Women s Benefits Of Women - 941 Words

Women do have advantages over men at times in the working environment, not many but some, some that may not be much of a change. Women do get maternity leave, which is in fact bonding time with the child before and after it is born. Men on the other hand receive this time off also, but it is not the same length. Men believe that it is an advantage over them, due to the fact that they are conceiving a child, it is truly and solely not a purposeful advantage. First off it is not a valid argument towards women’s advantages, second off God gave women the right to conceive a child she did not choose to. While a woman is pregnant, their bodies work about 57 percent more when they are pregnant than if they were playing a sport. (Bergeron, 2015) Causing emotional pain that lead to stressful sleeps, constant health exams, and restless nights. The argument is an invalid statement due to the fact that women can’t change the fact that they conceive children, and must take t ime off to heal their bodies to return to work being able to fulfill their job. Women have started movements in work unions back to the early 1900s, but wasn t a big concern till today.(Bergeron, 2015) Today the movement of labor has changed greatly and has increased in involvement with women. It is difficult for a lower educated person with a visa to look for work because they are looked at as less useful, rather than helpful to a company that doesn t require â€Å"runt work†. Social reductionShow MoreRelatedIs It Possible For Men And Women1589 Words   |  7 Pages 20 October 2015 Is it possible for men and women to be friends in the real world? I think not as I will demonstrate here. I’ll show some possible techniques to escape the friend zone and potentially turn from friend to boyfriend or girlfriend. 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The employer and employee would agree to a percentage of salary that the em ployee would receive from the company annually during retirement. Contractually obligated, this placed the liability onto the employer. Estimates say that employees could receiveRead MoreLegal Workplace: Women Overcoming Obstacles Essay1375 Words   |  6 Pagesthat requires a lot of sacrifices to achieve success. Attorneys at law work over the standard forty hours per week, and have to sacrifices many parts of their social life for their jobs. Women in law find work even more stressful and difficult to balance with home life because attorneys have high demand jobs. Women attorneys have to find a balance between the demands of practicing law and the demands of their traditional gender roles on the homestead. The legal workplace is unfortunately victim to

Audio Strategy Free Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.Has the audio strategy been defined, and is it aligned to the key message of the film? 2.Has the student demonstrated within the audio section of the implementation plan how they intend to accomplish the audio strategy, in a creative and practical way? 3.Is the audio strategy in line with the other element of the implantation plan? Answers: 1. As a sound engineer in the film, I need to make sure that proper sound effects are given all throughout the film to engage the audiences and even promote the strategic intent properly. The major message that is to be delivered to the audiences is to adopt or consider their own flaws and overcome their self-esteem issues. An audio strategy is required to increase the favoring for new sound effects and connect with more people through a proper content consisting of a story. For this film, the media company and its filmmakers have tried experimental audio content to create and share the messages and information regarding the film to the audiences and influence them to watch the film. The audio strategy has allowed to overcome the audio fill gaps and supplemented other media to deliver the best content that are presented through audio effects displaying the importance of overcoming self-esteem issues and embrace their flaws (Ye et al. 2012). The audio strategy is effective enough to a ttract mass audience and even attract the advertisers and marketers to make the film successful as well as make people learn about embracing their flaws, not make self-esteem issues come in front and focus on the perfection. Thus, the audio strategies have been clearly defined and aligned with the strategic content of the film that has been delivered through messages (Kaliakatsos-Papakostas, Floros and Vrahatis et al. 2013). 2. To accomplish the audio strategies, it is important to evaluate the audio section of the implementation plan, furthermore make sure that the sound effects are aligned with the strategic content and messages delivered through the films release. To accomplish the audio strategy, it would be important to promote the brand of the movie production company and increase awareness among the audiences. This would be possible by creating better publicity and developing community to engage more prospects who could promote the film and act as major business stakeholders. The dates should be assigned for the accomplishment of audio strategies and ensure that proper sound effects were provided to the film. Creating list of resources like audiovisual equipments is important and must be ensured that the audio requirements requiring extra support would act according to the Equality Act and other legislations, laws and rules (Xie and Guan 2013). After all the necessary equipments are available, the audio toolsets including the Audio Middleware, Audio Graphical Editor, EAX2, Microsoft XACT and XAudio2 shall be used. All these tools could create convenience in accomplishing the audio strategy as well as add or remove additional functionalities with the advanced features of low-level audio libraries. A proper IT engineer should handle all these tools with support by me to audition environmental Reverb parameters and enable programming and middleware solutions to keep the sound frequencies under control and provide the best sound too (Luo, Yang and Huang 2014). 3. The audio strategies are in line with the various other elements of the implementation plan such as the use of sound toolkits have helped to maintain proper sound frequency and made sure that the scenes all throughout the film are provided with the right quality sounds without any noise. The audio strategy was aligned with the components, because of which, the sound propagation curves were controlled properly and the global variables had been managed properly as well including the Doppler and speed of sound. This provided initialization of the sound parameters, furthermore created beautiful sound effects that could match with the scenes present in the movie (Ye et al. 2012). Thus, it is evident that the audio strategy is in line with the various elements of the implementation plan and will be beneficial for making audiences understand the strategic content of the film too. References Kaliakatsos-Papakostas, M.A., Floros, A. and Vrahatis, M.N., 2013. A clustering strategy for the key segmentation of musical audio.Computer Music Journal,37(1), pp.52-69. Luo, D., Yang, R. and Huang, J., 2014, May. Detecting double compressed AMR audio using deep learning. InAcoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), 2014 IEEE International Conference on(pp. 2669-2673). IEEE. Xie, Z. and Guan, L., 2013. Multimodal information fusion of audio emotion recognition based on kernel entropy component analysis.International Journal of Semantic Computing,7(01), pp.25-42. Ye, G., Jhuo, I.H., Liu, D., Jiang, Y.G., Lee, D.T. and Chang, S.F., 2012, June. Joint audio-visual bi-modal codewords for video event detection. InProceedings of the 2nd ACM International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval(p. 39). ACM.

Nursing Care and Management

To ensure that residents are receiving a high quality of care, which fits their needs, I will use the methods presented below. They will guarantee that the team of hotel services, administration and activities as well as care staff delivers results, which have a positive outcome. First, each resident will receive a unique treatment based on his or her needs, preferences and interests.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing Care and Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As head of care, my concern will dwell on improving the dialogue between the team and our residents. Secondly, I will maintain the training programs for staffs that are already in place. I will discuss with the team so that customized messages that embody the core values within the home become the first reference points for individual decision-making. My first goal would be to build trust with residents and the care team. I will therefore co nduct myself appropriately and offer a consistent approach to issues based on the home’s core values. Thus, I will be caring and compassionate to both residents and staffs. I will be accountable and attentive to feedback and work related details. I will remain reliable and responsive by availing myself for duties in time and attending to raised concerns within the shortest time possible. Lastly, I will ensure that I empathize with residents and the care team by recognizing their individuality, their work environment and personal challenges that they may be facing. Therefore, all personal communication will remain private and will not be used to judge a person’s work output or care expectation. Rather, the confidential social relations will inform my choice of conduct for delivering a personalized care and administration in the home. I will keep my engagements with staffs and residents morally upright. I will allow staffs to review job improvement suggestions, and conti nuously ask them how well they are relating to each other. This will show them that I care about their work. Moreover, when my decision has an impact on the team, I will discuss the underlying issues with them before the decision and after. Lastly, to build trust, I will use a participative leadership approach and acquaint myself with the various work assignments that people are doing in different departments. This will give me a better understanding of their condition of work and any arising work related issue. It will also demonstrate that I highly regard their value in the organization. To create an atmosphere of open communication, I will allocate a few hours per week for collecting staff ideas, feedback and any concern that they may harbour. This time would be separate from meetings and would allow for the discussion of matters that require more confidentiality that staff-meetings would not offer. During staff meetings, I will initiate a visualization exercise for the team to s ee what it would be like if it meets its goals.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The meetings will inform staffs of their importance in collectively fulfilling the home’s mission. I will continue reassigning the equivalent duties to the same person even when they make work-related mistakes as long as they take responsibility of their mistakes. This gesture would show them that I expect the best from them and believe they are capable of delivering. I will relate staff meetings and work-related discussions to the values of Fernhill. Although I will sometimes deal with team members independently, my actions and decisions will be informed by the need to foster a team spirit. This will include the recognition of exemplary or mediocre performance. Most importantly, I will strive to give my attention to the little details of affection such as asking about a person’s day. This would create an informal and free relation within the formal structure of Fernhill, and promote team values. Work efficiency and customer satisfaction requires constant improvement. My strategy would be to have daily activity benchmarks, especially at the point of contact with the residents. For example, I will lead the team in measuring how many accidents have been avoided in a day; how many residents with queries have been attended to and whether a routine on the condition of residents has highlighted negligence in care. Routines will be completed by checklists, which would reduce significantly cases of forgetfulness of staff and prevent rushed procedures in case of emergencies. A checklist will also assist my management of team affairs such as attending to raised issues during staff meetings, or ensuring that I do not miss any part of my job description while doing my routine. Colleagues will review team member appraisals, and the individuals will have the opportunity to giv e their remarks. This would provide a level playing field as reviewers would have the same job expectations and experience as the person receiving the appraisal. The exercise would prevent the placement of unmatchable demands on job performance and being a peer review. It would be more effective for identifying skill imbalances. Furthermore, I will review all appraisals, and make recommendations for training or work balance adjustments. Finally, I will lead the team in organizing and participating at ceremonial events for residents or team members to infuse fun and improve work relations through the informal gatherings. 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