Reflection paper

reflection Paper robot Apocalypse Myths film been around in all told parts of the serviceman for thousands and thousands of years. All religions take a dash their take myths on how the world was created and dealing with the evil spirits in the world and often more. Over the years there were different myths created fashioning society bank in them along with others deprivationing the historical positions behind these myths. Making legion(predicate) of us develop a sense of fantasy with these myths. For example, the zombi spirit apocalypse.The word Zombie pursues from the Haitian and New Orleans voodoo origins. It refers to a human dead body which serves the undead, but what makes tidy sum so crazed all(prenominal)where it? Is it the mysterious modal value the illness or bite first started? Why is it continually being spoken ab come out on the websites and on the television? Many people have their own interpretation on this. Many of it deals with the prep ardness for the end of the world. This ties into the entertain manpowert of peoples minds since people atomic number 18 bored in the world wanting to create a new myth. Let me elaborate on this farther.When It comes to the zombie type of apocalypse many people have created movies, video games, and record books on It. This type of apocalypse have given some people the adrenaline rush in video games for they can use violence to hide these zombies. Other people search the facts in order to raise for disasters in the world. It can be tough to beat people think backing about emergency prep atomic number 18dness forwards disaster strikes. Hollywood created these zombie movies, video games, television series, and books to spark our attention and get people Involved in preparing before a true natural disaster strikes.Because of these many movies and books In the world It made people question this zombie apocalypse. Will it really happen? How do you prep ar for it? Many people in the world have verbalise to have an emergency plan and survival kit set up. But who would want to believe this? Is it a myth or fact? Many people have then thought of this apocalypse as another contribute to the humans who are living whom, without the threat of law, would contemplating to rape and kill you on the dot to take what you have, and to enjoy whatever sick twisted fantasy they cook up on the spot.This Is the type of facts people have to add to this myth. As signs go on with the facts other than trying to survive and kill the zombies, people would get depression. Depression leave alone lower your immune system, causing the stress and making you tired constantly which can add to your death or becoming a zombie. Even if there is not a zombie attack, the government top executive be more prepared for an earthquake or any other type of disaster which is more common than an actual zombie apocalypse. I in-personly do not believe In the typical zombie apocalypse movies and videotapes and su ch.I do believe in other myths and such but with this type it is more fantasy than anything else. I would get to be given factual and solid scientific evidence explaining how and why this would occur. I refuse to acknowledge this as a valid warning. However I do have respect for some of the CDC government opinions, as they are entitled believe whatever they may want to. Even if it Is scientifically based To me it ties in with someone wanting the entertainment and excitement due to their boredom or preparing for the true natural disasters.The idea is to get the attention of people who would otherwise not prepare for real, actual emergencies, ilk natural disasters by getting the attention of people and getting them to seriously think about an emergency kit, in order to save us money. In any survival situation you must have food, water, shelter & protection. However, if a zombie apocalypse were to occur, you would not only have to have the supplies to survive, but would also have to have the ability to protect the supplies and your family.Most alikely, you would desire to have enough supplies for a minimum of three months. Then have a plan for either how to grow or produce your own supplies. This is another factual to needing to prepare. Personally, I would like to know why everyone thinks that they would be trying to survive. With the likely percentage of infection across the world in all the scenarios e imagine, there is a 99 percent chance that you would be a zombie too. What makes one think that it could not happen to me? Why would one assume that they would be fighting them? Chances are they would be stumbling and moaning as well. These are questions that I face with this type of myth and why people could possibly be into this. Other people would use this as another way to get closer to their faith. For example, people would think that the zombies are Satins demons and the living are Gods children trying to escape Satins grasp. To me this seems a very p ossible way to lead to their myth and fantasy in their minds.As other people believe, like me, that the zombies are far-fetched, they do however look at the facts like the deadly influenza in 1918 making people afraid to leave their homes. To me it is one way to use this apocalypse as entertainment to fill their boredom, but to end up believing this could possibly be an outcome in the world is bizarre. As, you can see many people use this as a way to prepare for the real disasters in the world, to have emergency kits and plans on how to survive. But then other people see it as actually happening. What do you believe in? Myth or fact? Why are you into this?Reflection physical compositionThis chapter focuses on the principles of biology. Biology Is the scientific study of life. A notable contradiction to accomplishment Is pseudoscience which Is something that sounds selecting but Is not based on complete evidence. Life encompasses a wide variety of things, but all life has a set of seven-spot characteristics which are order, regulation, growth and development, energy processing, response to the environment, reproduction, and evolution. Life inhabits in many levels ranging from the exosphere to molecules and atoms.A booth is the lowest structural level that can sustain the activities required for life. Cells exist in one of two categories prokaryotic or eukaryotic. A prokaryotic cell is simple, small, and lacking a nucleus while a eukaryotic cell is larger and more complex, containing many membrane-enclosed organelles. Biological domains further differentiate between kinds of cells. There are three major biological domains, two of which are classified ad for prokaryote and the other for eukaryote. They are Domain Bacteria, Domain Archie, and Domain Eukaryote.Evolution Is also a major theme In biology. Evolution Is the concept of life evolving over the course of time. Charles Darwin Is responsible for the concept of evolution through natural selection. His id ea of natural selection was about the adaptation to the environment over time by populations in order to survive. Discovery science and hypothesis driven science are the two main processes of science. Scientists follow the scientific method to test their findings. Theories and scientific saws sometimes takings from many repeated experiments.A theory is a comprehensive explanation while a law is a more a extrapolate description. The basis of science requires that experiments be repeatable, as scientists repeat each others experiments to check for verification. This is why It Is very important for scientists to be honest with their observations and results. Correlations occur when events occur unneurotic In time and space. It Is very Important to know that correlation does not always equal causation. A controlled experiment Is needed to prove a relation.This includes a control and experimental chemical group. As science has advanced, technologies have advanced as well to help us a pply or take advantage of said scientific advances. Positive and negative things have come about from the mix of science and technology. A positive result has been the use of DNA in lamentable court cases. A negative result has been the deforestation and toxic wastes caused the growth in population. The information regarding the resistance that certain bacteria may be exploitation towards antibiotics is particularly interesting to me.This will also be relevant to me not only as I may probably be more elaborate with any future antibiotic Intake but also as I will be entering the health field and will need to be aware of this. As a nurse I might need to administer antibiotics or monitor or conduct patients bacterial count. By the time I become a nurse, In a couple of years, this has the possibly of becoming a larger Issue (hopefully not ) and their might need to be extra precautions that I will need to inform patients of as well as general health.Reflection PaperAcross Cultures Re flection cross-ethnical literacy and experiences are playing an Increasingly important part In developing a global management squad particularly In a cultural-diversity squad or organization. Building an effective global business team by Governance and Septas told us that transnational corporations looking to exploit global economic of scale, deepen of knowledge etc needs to master managing global business teams. And the Dams presents three culturally determined strategies for resolving conflict between organizational members from different cultures.For the past match reviewed presentation, the purpose of this presentation is to help us gaining more experiences by working in a multicultural team. This teamwork exercise has given me an opportunity to develop my cultural learning and improve my understanding of the concept of culture. Be more specific about the part of communication, there Is Individualistic versus socialist In the cultural aspect. The collective require consens us on decisions and the Individual view this as lower priority. Our group was In the prevalence of collectivism which has pros and cons.In a positive way, our team members can effectuate together forward different ideas then put them all together to achieve our goal. Furthermore, our team members select the best ideas to present and arrangement the points without any questions. During the discussion, we had different personal opinions due to the shortage of individualism so some conflicts arisen. To solve this problem, we tended to continue the ideas then discussed which one is most accepted. Therefore, there arent many diverse ideas until finished the discussion.Next time, I will think out more Ideas then try to communicate with my team members more. At same time, I will listen to others about their opinions understandably and try to compare different Ideas then choose the best Idea. The communication Is the Important factor In the multinational cooperation. MAGGOTS Reflection P aper BY heptanes cross-cultural literacy and experiences are playing an increasingly important part in developing a global management team particularly in a cultural-diversity team or organization.Building an effective global business team by Governance and Septas Be more specific about the part of communication, there is individualistic versus collectivist in the cultural aspect. The collective require consensus on decisions and the individual view this as lower priority. Our group was in the prevalence of will think out more ideas then try to communicate with my team members more. At different ideas then choose the best idea. The communication is the important factor in the multinational cooperation.Reflection PaperTeachers, parents, and peers can all assume who is a well behaved student and who is not by their habitue for the class, in-class behavior, and how they manage their classes on their free time. It is permanently zippy to be prepared for class not only for yourself bu t to show the professor what kind of student you are. This means that the student should have read the literal beforehand to get a clear understanding of the theme of the following lecture and prepare any questions.Also, being on time and delivery the proper(a) necessities to class will show your professor that you are ready to learn. Being prepared for class is the first impressions students show their professors. I complete my reparation the sidereal day before the class. Do this to refresh my memory of the new course material. In addition, if I have a question, jot it down in my observe book so will not forget it the day of class. I always keep my needed supplies in my backpack and double check before every class.If you are not prepared, your professor may think down upon you, which is an undesirable way to prove your self-worth. Behavior inside the classroom is correspondingly important. Just like being prepared, showing up to class on time can increase your chances of havin g a great first impression. Classroom etiquette involves tying throughout all of class while being involved and taking notes. Although am very shy and quite, give my professors clues that I am paying attention and am interest in their class.To do this, sit in the front of the class, look at the teacher while he or she is talking, and ask any questions that may come up. In addition, I try my best to keep small group discussions on topic. However, I know that I can greatly incommode these tactical maneuver to prove how interested I am in the class. After class many students forget to do their assignments and procrastinate until the last possible moment. This will result in terrible work and prove to the professor that their class is not one of your priorities.The best way I show my professors that I am interested in class is by taking the time with my homework and papers. Will complete the assignment but will continue to recheck what have do up until I am completely pleased with my work. By doing so, I am communicating that I actually care about the class. In Sociology 201 , I put in my best effort to impress my professor. Although I am not asking many questions and do not talk as much as other students, do try my best to prove my interest and give great impression by the work I do produce.Reflection PaperTeachers, parents, and peers can all assume who is a good student and who is not by their reparation for the class, in-class behavior, and how they manage their classes on their free time. It is permanently vital to be prepared for class not only for yourself but to show the professor what kind of student you are. This means that the student should have read the material beforehand to get a clear understanding of the theme of the following lecture and prepare any questions.Also, being on time and bringing the proper necessities to class will show your professor that you are ready to learn. Being prepared for class is the first impressions students show the ir professors. I complete my reparation the day before the class. Do this to refresh my memory of the new course material. In addition, if I have a question, jot it down in my note book so will not forget it the day of class. I always keep my needed supplies in my backpack and double check before every class.If you are not prepared, your professor may think down upon you, which is an undesirable way to prove your self-worth. Behavior inside the classroom is correspondingly important. Just like being prepared, showing up to class on time can increase your chances of having a great first impression. Classroom etiquette involves tying throughout all of class while being involved and taking notes. Although am very shy and quite, give my professors clues that I am paying attention and am interested in their class.To do this, sit in the front of the class, look at the teacher while he or she is talking, and ask any questions that may come up. In addition, I try my best to keep small group discussions on topic. However, I know that I can greatly extend these tactics to prove how interested I am in the class. After class many students forget to do their assignments and procrastinate until the last possible moment. This will result in terrible work and prove to the professor that their class is not one of your priorities.The best way I show my professors that I am interested in class is by taking the time with my homework and papers. Will complete the assignment but will continue to recheck what have done up until I am completely pleased with my work. By doing so, I am communicating that I actually care about the class. In Sociology 201 , I put in my best effort to impress my professor. Although I am not asking many questions and do not talk as much as other students, do try my best to prove my interest and give great impression by the work I do produce.Reflection paperAsian Stereotypes Its human temper to create stereotypes. Humans are Judgmental beings that always s eem to Judge something before they get to know them. Whether Its fear of the unknown, or Just because of bias. Stereotypes can be seen in almost every race. From white people being considered trailer trash, to Hispanics being known as lazy. Another group that has stereotypes are Asians. Asian people are those who originate from Asian. This group Includes both Indians, Japanese, and Chinese people. To begin, there are many different stereotypes about Asians.First of all, Aslant men are considered to be chauvinistic. Males are considered to be very disrespectful towards women. They are also seen as against the liberation of people. Furthermore, Aslant parents are portrayed as conservative and strict. Especially In the movies they are seen as dictators with their children. Thirdly, Asians are considered to have better bad position. As many movies have also shown, Asians are shown as having a very broken English and being unable to say L sounds. Moreover, religion is also something th at people stereotype.For example, Sikhs are all considered to be Muslims. Also that Asians are not very good athletes. The one that is most common is that all Asians are great at mathematics. This is more of a nurture and less of temper when it comes to mathematics. I believe this is where the full-length all Asians are doctors idea came from. This is all untrue. All in all, stereotypes are Just made up ideas about others. We tend to group people up with what we believe they represent. Its an unfortunate part of life but it seems to happen more and more.Reflection paperAsian Stereotypes Its human nature to create stereotypes. Humans are Judgmental beings that always seem to Judge something before they get to know them. Whether Its fear of the unknown, or Just because of bias. Stereotypes can be seen in almost every race. From white people being considered trailer trash, to Hispanics being known as lazy. Another group that has stereotypes are Asians. Asian people are those who ori ginate from Asian. This group Includes both Indians, Japanese, and Chinese people. To begin, there are many different stereotypes about Asians.First of all, Aslant men are considered to be chauvinistic. Males are considered to be very disrespectful towards women. They are also seen as against the liberation of people. Furthermore, Aslant parents are portrayed as conservative and strict. Especially In the movies they are seen as dictators with their children. Thirdly, Asians are considered to have better bad English. As many movies have also shown, Asians are shown as having a very broken English and being unable to say L sounds. Moreover, religion is also something that people stereotype.For example, Sikhs are all considered to be Muslims. Also that Asians are not very good athletes. The one that is most common is that all Asians are great at mathematics. This is more of a nurture and less of nature when it comes to mathematics. I believe this is where the whole all Asians are docto rs idea came from. This is all untrue. All in all, stereotypes are Just made up ideas about others. We tend to group people up with what we believe they represent. Its an unfortunate part of life but it seems to happen more and more.

Construction project

hand the Great bend is a pocket-size construction company formed from the merger of Grant Thomas anatomical structure &Right Build International. The company has successfully operated in the Durham North Carolina area for the past ten years pass watering on both small and large scale construction, repair, and alteration projects. With the business boom that is occurring in Greensboro and the desire to improve overall profit margins, the company is planning to shift its target mercantileise from residential clients to the larger commercial customers. This business plan will lay out our goals and tasks to make this transition successful.Grant the Great Construction strives to offer the finest quality design, post preparation, cost estimates, construction, repair, and alteration to clients needing large scale construction services. History & Purpose working on both small and large scale construction, repair, and alteration projects.. Grant the Great Construction strives to offer the finest quality design, site preparation, cost estimates, construction, repair, and alteration to clients needing large scale construction services. Strengths Grant the Great Construction is a traffic pattern Build Firm. By being both owners to both esign the project and to construct the project.In some cases, the design is done in- house, but most often the Design-Builder engages the services of an international architect as well as all of the subcontractors. As stated above, the intended result is that the project can be done more apace because the construction can begin earlier in the process, even before the details are finalized. Weaknesses Being that Grant the Great Construction was built by merging two existing companies , there are different practices that each company has grown accustom to. Many of these differences can be overcome with comely advance planning and team eetings.We plan on building our company off the most successful practices of each company. Mission Grant the Great Construction is dedicated to raising the levels of professionalism, integrity, ethical practice, and performance within the construction industry. Goal 1. Establishing a strong and sustainable internal structure. 2. Developing a body of work and establishing a positive reputation. Strategy As a new construction company we will invest in a model home and massive packages of plans and images that clients can use to better understand what theyre aying for when they contract with Grant the Great Construction.Marketing Internet promotion method is the key to our success We plan to market ourselves by emphasizing our name and unique solutions through internet promotion. An amount of $10,000 for the style of the web page has been included in the Start-up expenses with ongoing maintenance expenses approximated monthly. Our Focus is commercial building and renovation tasks as our initial and primary focus on marketplaces. We will use our completed tasks to display our perso nalized venture management bundle to potential clients. Organizational Plan

For and Against Pollution

These days, more and more people ar using their own cars to commute. The increasing number of vehicles in our cities appends to the high levels of pollution in the air. When faced with fetching private cars or public transport, people react in different ways. I will discussthe for and against arguments of using private cars or public transport. passel prefer private cars over public transportfor several reasons. Firstly, private cars are believed to be faster than public transport since people dont have to spend their precious time waiting forabus.In addition, bus-shelters are usually crammed with people. Secondly, you can godirectlyfrom work to home much faster. Furthermore, in that respect are people who dont like to shareplaces with unknown persons or they dont like to be standing up duringtheirjourney. For instance, when pickings a bus in rush hours it is very difficult to finda spare seatand eventually you end up grasping a hand bar and trying to keep your balanceso as not be flungaroundwhen the bus brakes. On the other hand, there are other people who prefer public transport to private cars.Using public transport is cheaper than usingyour own car. Ask people who use private cars on a regular basis how muchthey spend on their cars every month. Not only do people have to pay for high position pricesand fuel, but also the expenseincurred when they take their car to the garage to have it repaired. Unlike private cars, public transport has reservedlanes in many cities so long delays due to traffic congestion can be avoidedbytaking a bus or a taxi. As farastheenvironment is concerned, the use of public transport instead of private cars makes a difference.Forexample, if the people who use a buswere to usetheir own vehicles instead,thiswoulddefinitely contribute to air pollution. In conclusion, using private cars is expensive and produces more atmospheric pollution thanpublic transport does. All in all, public transport is proveto be more efficientand cheap er than private cars. For this reason, I feel that weshould alltry to use public transport whenever possible. It isbeneficial for our finances, our time, andmore significantly to ourenvironment.

Business Law & Ethics Essay

Consider the possible run afouls between legally doing business and selling riotous-food, given the increasing evidence of how it is a significant contributing factor in public health, obesity, and diabetes facing many Americans. Now, based on what youve learned in this module, answer the following A) After interpreting the Inside Story section of Chapter 1, do you agree with how Disney Company is handling the issue? Why or why not? B) Does government (federal, state, or local) vex a right or a responsibility to get involved in this conflict? If so, what and to what limit? If not, why not? Provide sound cerebrate for your stance and back it up with references, if possible. Your logic should be factual, not emotional. Then, reply to two or more of your classmates postings (three additional postings are needed for an Exemplary grade). strike the Discussion Rubric for additional information and grading criteria. The case involved McDonald and Disney is about childhood obesity caus ed by many advertising that promote straightaway food in the United States.The McDonald Company leads the most successful advertising that drives children to obesity. Under the pressure of different sectors, Fast Food Company such as McDonald is required to reconsider the effect of its powerful advertising on a childs health condition, specifically the issues of child obesity (Bagley & Savage, 2010). Disney is created for the children, then feeding healthy should be a real concern regarding children to Disney. Disney and McDonald had signed a pact, and McDonald fast food is unhealthy for children. With the growing number of child obesity, eating fast food, especially McDonald, Disney had to take a stand in this case. I agree with how Disney is handling the issue because there were guidelines provided by Disney on how the children should eat the McDonalds food. If McDonald shavers meal did not meet the requirement guidelines provided by Disney, then, Disney has the right to end it s contract with McDonald Company. The obesity problem may have short bourne effect such as high cholesterol or high blood pressure, and long term effect such as type 2 diabetes, stroke, several types of cancer, and osteoarthritis on those children, according to research.For example, the percentage of children aged 611 years in the United States who were obese increased from 7% in 1980 to nearly 18% in 2012. Similarly, the percentage of adolescents aged 1219 years who were obese increased from 5% to nearly 21% over the like period. 1, 2, and in 2012, more than one third of children andadolescents were overweight or obese. . I believe government has both right and responsibility to get involved in this conflict because child obesity is not a small case. Because of eating unhealthy, children are risk of some types of disease, and the obesity rate is very high. Government has to vex laws regarding children eating unhealthy food due to influential advertising promoted by fast food com panies. Government needs to get involved in this conflict until there is a solution to lower calories volume provided by fast food restaurants even they do not directly tell anyone to eat their food. However, that is the think they advertise their food, so people can buy them it is a business marketing to attract customers.

Persuasive Speech about Prayer in Public Schools Essay

Ladies and Gentlemen all in all protocol observed, I would like to tell you the facts behind the modestness why I am against imploreers in reality prep ares. Prayer in public give instructions should no be allowed since it is inconsiderate of the different religions that atomic number 18 represented in the school. Public schools host people from all religions since they are cheaper hence affordable. When the requesters are done they are biased against the religion with minor representation in the school hence it is better if prayer was abolished in school.When prayers for one religion are done, the other religions witness loaded discriminated against and they have a feeling of inferiority. It feels like the school administration is trying to force the students to join their religion. The school administration should advocate the elimination of prayer to avoid cases where the students feel discriminated. The students provide feel like they are forced to worship (Sommer 1984). Instead of directing prayers in public school each student should be allowed to pray on their own.This elbow room the school will be respecting all religions since all students will have freedom of worship and they will feel appreciated. Even though some of the schools acknowledge all religions, they tend to assign less time to the prayers of the religions with minor representation. At times the public schools do non even be intimate the religious holidays of the religions that have minor representation. Some of the prayers that are done too do not level the serious that religion requires and some people prefer not praying instead of praying in a way that will leave other offended.There are some people who believe that they should only conduct personal prayers the people prefer praying for themselves (Lindorfer 2004). When prayers are conducted in school by a person who is not in the same religion with another, since there is the feeling of indifference between the two parti es, divisions could arise in extreme cases that could disrupt the education process in the school as a result of strikes. Ladies and gentlemen, with these issues at hand, I suggest that prayers should be eliminated from public schools and all students should pray on their own.This way the unity among students will be enhanced since religious differences will be avoided and all students will coexist in wild pansy (religionandpoliticsgeek 2008). In those schools that all students share one religion, there are different denominations and all people make out to have their denomination as the superior. An example is where a catholic would like to conduct a prayer in their way and a Presbyterian too will want prayers conducted the way they do it in their determine of worship.As a result when the prayers are conducted in one way, they other student will feel that their denomination is not appreciated. With the emergence of very many churches, it is advisable to eliminate prayer in publi c schools to avoid cases where the students rise against each other based on prayer (Rollins 1998). With those facts, I would request all of you to join me in advocating for abolition of prayer in public schools.

Bus 520 Assignment 1

accordant Relationship Agreements By Vickie Gonzalez Bus 520 Leadership and Organizational Behavior Professor Dr. Marilyn Carroll October 24th, 2012 Workplace romances are straightway whizz of the ch bothenges that organizations of all sizes produce to address. How they address them varies from organization to organization. Some businesses and organizations strictly prohibit them in whatsoever form or fashion, while other(a)s prohibit them when the break awayicipants are in certain roles within the organization.Some companies have elect not to address the issue at all and others are using a more perfunctory method of documenting and mitigating the encounter they feel these alliances pose. One of the methods of documenting, and potentially mitigating, this chance is known as a consensual relationship agreement or CRA. In the text that follows I entrust cope for the determination of CRAs in the work. Secondly, I ordain p envy a counter argument for the use of CRAs. The n we will then come out at the ethical principles knotted in the use of CRAs. Lastly I will present another option that may be available for addresses these consensual relationships.First, lets look at what brought about the need for CRAs. On June 28th, 1914 Gavrilo Princip, of Sarajevo, assassinated the Archduke and heir to the throne of Austria, Franz Ferdinand (Collins, 2008, p. 9). Thirty-seven days afterward World War I began, and with it, so did what some see as the beginnings of women entering the workplace. The Munitions of War dissemble of 1915 moved twenty-one percent of Britains wives, sisters, mothers and daughters into the workforce (Woolacott, 1994, p. 17). Factory workers became soldiers and the women in their lives became factory workers.By 1941, and the United States entree into World War II, 18. 9 million Ameri end women had entered the workforce as well (Weak-Baxter, 2010, p. 14). Japan had attacked garner Harbor and patriotism was welling just as strong in Ameri stinker women as it was in American men. Now, according to the US Department of Labor, there are 72 million women in the civilian patience force alone (2012). The years following World War II were a time of challenge, reading and diversification for business, and revolution and exploration for women. Harassment, specifically inner torture, is one of those hallenges faced by businesses and employers as of a termination of workplace diversification. Inappropriate conversations, unwanted advances and uncomfortable physical contact are some of the slipway internal harassment can occur. According to Hellriegel and Slocum, Sexual harassment refers to unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature. (p. 52). To be clear, sexual harassment can, and has, touch both women and men over the years however up to half of all working women have reported experiencing some form of sexual harassment in the career (Vijayasiri , 2008, p. ). It wasnt until 1986 though that the domineering Court recognized sexual harassment as a violation of Title VII in the case of Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson (OBrien, 1994, p. 1). Before the high courts ruling, however, the Equal Employment prospect Commission had begun to address the issue by drafting hostile work environment guidelines that included sexual harassment (OBrien, 1994, p. 4). These guidelines would serve later to guide the high courts decision. There are galore(postnominal) more cases like this one we could look at.In 1991, sexual harassment became a household term as Anita Hill testified before congress stating she was sexually harassed by a current nominee for the arrogant Court. In her statement to the Senate Judiciary Committee Ms. Hill stated, It is only after a great cumulation of agonizing consideration, and sleepless, number of , great number of sleepless night, that I am able to have words of these sulphurous matters to anyone but my close friends ( Black Scholar, 1991, p 1). For many American this was the first time they had really panorama about or discussed sexually harassment.It was on our televisions, out in the open, for the whole world to see. As a terminus of brave employees like Ms. Hill and many others sexual harassment is no less tolerated in the workplace and employers are required to have specific policies addressing it. Now what happens when the relationship between two employees is consensual? No harassment has occurred. Romance is in the air. Some organizations have policies that prohibit workplace relationships of any descriptor and participating in one is grounds for termination. Other businesses only prohibit these relationships in the event that one party reports to or manages the other.More and more firms are using consensual relationship agreements or CRAs. A CRA is a written agreement or contract in which the involved parties agree to specific guidelines in the workplace (Hellriegel/Slocum, 2011, p. 65). This is one of the practices or policies an organization can use to mitigate the risks associated with workplace relationships. In this agreement the parties involved state that the relationship is voluntary. They agree to abide by any and all anti-harassment or anti-discrimination policies the business has in place, including reporting any violation of these policies that may occur.They also agree to behave professionally at all times which includes avoiding even the appearance of favoritism. There are proponents and opponents of the use of these agreements in the workplace. I agree with the proponents of the use of CRAs in the workplace. Hellriegel and Solcum mention several arguments in favor in CRAs in the workplace in our text. I would like to look at three of these. The first argument that Hellriegel and Solcum mention is that CRAs help mitigate the risk of any sexual harassment litigation (p. 65). I have to agree with this argument. Office relationships can be w onderful.I know several happy couples who met at the office. They manage their personal and professional lives well. However this is not unendingly the case, and when the relationship fails, things may change. This can be especially true if this relationship involved one part that directly, or even indirectly reports to the other. The employee may suggest they were pressured into the relationship by their manager. The manager may resent the employee and treat them unfairly. Both of these scenarios, and many others, open the doors to litigation. The employer in both of these cases could be found liable in a sexual harassment suit.Damages awarded in these cases can be punitive and compensatory. In 1997 large corporations played out more than 6 million for each sexual harassment suit they defended themselves against and/or settled (Vijayasiri, 2008, p. 2) Employers can protect themselves from this risk by ensuring they have a very clearly stated workplace relationship policy that, in my opinion, should involve the use of CRAs. The second argument is favor of the use of CRAs is that they help to subjugate the appearance of favoritism in the workplace (Hellriegel/Slocum, 2011, p. 65).Ensuring that there is not even the appearance of favoritism in the workplace is not just a matter of fair policy. In many cases a ternion party can sue their employer for sexual harassment if they feel they are being discriminated against as the result of a workplace relationship. Employees are human and emotions and perception are part of being human. No employer can predict what doings will be acceptable to one employee and offensive to another, A CRA requiring both participants in the relationship to behave in a professional manner can help minimize this risk of offending a third party.In 2001, the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit upheld a verdict in favor of Diane Leibovitz for $60,000 against the New York City Transit Authority or NYCTA for what the court determined to be a hostile work environment (Leibovitz v. NYCTA, 2001). Ms. Leibovitz sued the NYCTA for sexual harassment and emotional distress after confronting her employer regarding the sexual harassment of 3 other female co-workers. Ms. Leibovitzs job was threatened if she did not remain silent.As a result of these threats she suffered from depression and sleep deprivation. Ms. Leibovitz was not the victim of any sexual advances or misconduct, however, witnessing it and her employers inaction created a hostile work environment and a $60,000 judgment on her behalf. The third agreement presented in the text in favor of the use of CRAs is that they create a forum where human resources can talk openly with employees about the responsibilities and ramification that come with an office romance (Hellriegel/Slocum, 2011, p. 5). This is simply an opportunity for the employer to remind the employee what behavior is and is not appropriate in the workplace. The employer can also restate the companys commitment to preventing sexual harassment. This is the time for open and honest discussion in the hopes that awareness and understanding may prevent litigation. Those who argue against the use of CRAs in the workplace argue that they are a violation of the employees privateness and in-effective.

Piaget’s Cognitive development theory Essay

Jean Piaget and his possibility of the mannikinats of cognitive victimization have made signifi buttt percentages to a encompassing cross-section of disciplines including educational psychology and applied developmental psychology. Though his master key theory has underg superstar some step of changes, the basic tenets argon inactive applicable in understanding how humans develop progressively from receive to adulthood. several(prenominal)(prenominal) theorists have criticized Piagets theory and have pland alternative approaches to explaining human development.Other theorists have espoused Piagets theory with few modifications or additions to the original theory. Nevertheless his theory of cognitive development has had a wonderful imp playact on developmental psychology and go out continue to represent a valid theory in helping to understand the nature and awards of human development. The field of applied developmental psychology has and will continue to benefit from the views put forward by Piaget. Biography of Jean Piaget Jean Piaget was born in Neuchatel, Switzerland on August 9, 1896 to what he described as a tumultuous family surround.From an early age Piaget showed signs of having master key intelligence and acquired an interest in several fields of canvass including psychoanalytic theory, philosophy, mechanics and natural history. At the very young age of ten he published a study on mollusks (malacology). several(prenominal) years subsequently, in 1917 he published a philosophical novel. His intellectual and research accomplishments thereafter ar numerous. In 1918, at unless 21 years of age he obtained his doctoral degree in Biology from the University of Neuchatel continuing his study of mollusks in his thesis.His interest in philosophy and psychology led him to Zurich where he worked with mental patients while studying psychoanalytic theory. His interest in tike developmental psychology began in Paris with his work in a laboratory at a grade school. Here he worked on with Alfred Binet, who headed the laboratory, in standardizing argumentation tests for Paris baby birdren. He became curious about the thought processes of baby birdren that influenced them producing either the right or incorrect answers. Piaget published a number of articles discussing the research he conducted here.In 1921 Piaget was made director of studies at the Institut J. J. Rousseau in Geneva. In 1923 he married Valentine Chatenay with whom he had three children. He continued his study of child psychology and later published five books on the topic. His background in Biology had a significant amount of influence in his research (Slavin, 2000). These publications subsequently distinguished him in this field of study. His faculty member and administrative appointments saw him working at the University of Geneva, the Sorbonne, the Institut des Sciences de lEducation, and the Bureau International de lEducation.He is also observe to have founded and directed a center for philosophers and psychologists called the Centre dEpistemologie Genetique. He worked along with several other researchers including Alina Szeminska, Barbel Inhelder, and Marcel Lambercier. Among the research topics that he conducted extensive studies on have been noted the notions of number, physical quantity, and space manipulation of objects and the development of perception. These aras collaboratively contributed to his theory of cognitive development.His platform of study was both at the professional and personal level. It is widely kn aver that he conducted detailed observations of his three children Jacqueline, Lucienne and Laurent without their infant and diction development years. His wife, herself a psychologist, also worked along with him during his observations, recording the behaviors of their children (Fischer & Hencke, 1996). Piagets contributions to the field of developmental psychological ar indeed considerable and have been w idely acknowledged.He was awarded the Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award in 1969 by the American Psychological Association for his contributions. At his death in Geneva on folk 16, 1980, Piaget had written and published more than 40 books and over 100 articles or chapters dealing with the topic of child psychology. His soonest works include The Origins of Intelligence in Children (1936/1952), The Construction of Reality in the Child (1937/1954) and Play, Dreams, and mimicry in Childhood (1945/1951) (Fischer & Hencke, 1996).To date his research is believed to have made the single near important contribution to developmental psychology (Slavin, 2000 Beilin, 1992) and to a large extent the field of cognitive development psychology was founded chiefly on his work (Goswami, 2001, p. 259). Piagets theory of cognitive development Piaget sought to describe how development occurs from the here and now of birth unto adulthood and the cognitive changes that occur as physical dev elopment takes place. Using his background in Biology and his knowledge of the way organisms behave relative to their environment, Piaget sought to explain how children think along these lines.Piagets strength that children construct knowledge based on these processes was in antithesis to behaviorist orientation which suggested that behavior was shaped exclusively by external environmental forces. Piagets theory was more constructivist in nature proposing that severally(prenominal) child is actively involved in constructing his own reality. Construction of knowledge, Piaget argued, was facilitated via the inter litigate of the processes of modification, accommodation, assimilation and equilibration.Piaget commenced by proposing that children argon born with a natural inclination to interact with and a contend to understand their environment (Slavin, 2000). From the earliest stage children develop mental patterns that guide their behavior, what Piaget calls schemes. Schemes are used to find out about and act in the world (Slavin, 2000, p. 30). The goal of intellectual development, according to Piaget, was towards adaptation where alive schemes are adjusted in response to modifications in the environment.As new situations arise children either incorporate new objects or as yetts into quick schemes finished assimilation or they adjust existing schemes when new objects and events do not fit into those existing schemes in the process of accommodation. When un long-familiar situations arise a state of disequilibrium ensues and the processes of accommodation and assimilation facilitate the replica to equilibrium where balance is restored between existing understanding and new experiences the process of equilibration (Slavin, 2000). The dimensions of the theoryPiaget believed that children passed finished cardinal different stages of development that are defined by different characteristic features from birth to adulthood. Piaget send wordd that indivi dually child moves progressively through for each one of the stages of cognitive development as they mature physically. The four distinct stages of cognitive development that Piaget has specified are the sensori travel, preoperational, concrete operational and formal operational periods. He also gives an estimation as to the age at which each child will enter either stage.Wakefield (1996) points out, though, that the age swan for each stage is only an average a child may enter a proper(postnominal) stage earlier or later than that estimated by Piaget. However, each child, Piaget argues, must pass through each of these stages of development in the specified order and no child can skip a special(prenominal) stage. It must also be noted here that his theory is ineluctably universal as it examines only how all children will progress and does not discernk to analyze individual differences among children. The sensorimotor period represents a child zero (0) to two (2) years old.The main aspects of this stage Slavin (2000) summarizes as where infants learn about their surround by using their senses and motor skills. Piaget believes that each child is born with some built in mechanisms and tendencies and these he labels as physiological reactiones. Because a newborn child has not yet essential a concept of his environment, his initial response to this environment up to one calendar month old is instinctive. These reflexes, however, soon sound the basis through which the child acquires new perspectives and behaviors (schemes) in an attempt to learn about and understand his environment.From birth to one month children come to establish schemes as they commence the processing of interacting with and understanding their environment. Initially debunking behaviors by simple reflex children soon begin to modify these reflexes. From one to four months children attempt to reproduce recurring themes in their schemas. Children later begin to establish repetitive pat terns in behavior and to associate different behaviors with different schemes. Examples include an infant crying when hungry and laughing when happy.The period two to four months Fischer and Silvern (1985) notes as when the child is evolution the ability to intelligently adapt individual actions such as grasping a rattle (p. 634). mingled with four and eight months children are more object-oriented paying more attention to objects in their external environment, befitting more observant and less preoccupied with issues related to themselves such as hunger and sleep. Children begin to display more coordination in their schemes.From eight to 12 months children become aware of what they want and begin to construct their own schemas in order to achieve their goals. Behaviors are now more deliberate, carried out with a particular utilisation in view. From 12 to 18 months children they are exploring new possibilities with objects in their environment. A childs action at this stage is v ery experimental using trial and error to discover new schemas. From 18 to 24 months children begin to transition from this stage to the second preoperational stage.They are developing the ability to function using symbolic representations. Of course a child at the sensorimotor stage may not necessarily be able to fully understand every new thing that he perceives in his environment. Wakefield (1996) comments that, even though a child is unable to perform some amount of logical thinking at this stage, there is still some attempt to understand his environment through the use of his sense perceptions and motor skills. The preoperational stage is between ages two and seven years approximately.At this second stage children begin to be able to use symbols to represent things mentally by associating those new things with objects they are familiar with. While they are a little more developed cognitively than the earlier stage they still have a very narrow view of their environment. Within this stage, from age two to four years a child is relatively egocentric believing that everyone else sees things from their perspective. They also possess some amount of animism, believing that objects have characteristics akin to living things such as the ability to move.From age four to seven children further develop their reasoning capacities even though their thought processes are not completely logical. They have difficulty, however, with the concepts of centration and conservation. Slavin (2000) explains these concepts by illustrating that in this stage a child does not understand that the amount of milk in a tall glaze over is the same when it is poured into a shallower container nor are they able to realize that an object painted a different discolour is still the same object.The third stage of cognitive development is the concrete operational stage which covers children of age(p) seven to eleven. At this stage children, while experiencing difficult thinking in abstract , are able to form concepts and solve problems. Of course they must be able to relate such operations to already familiar objects or situations in order for them to function properly. They are now able to understand and apply the principles of conservation and centration. Their reasoning is also considerably more logical and can show interrelations between different objects and classes of objects.They are still limited, however, in that they are unable to reason in abstract terms but need concrete circumstances and examples as guides. A child in the final formal operational stage, perpetual from age eleven (11) to adulthood, is now able to reason in abstract and to conceptualize situations beyond what they can see and touch. They have now developed the capacity to perform reasoning about events, actions or objects that they cannot see or that are strictly hypothetical and they are also able to use deductive reasoning.They begin to devise plans to solve problems and test their hypot hesis against a variety of options. Piagets stratification of cognitive development into different stages has considerable implications particularly for educational goals. Because children are able only after having moved through certain stages, to control certain tasks and to be effective in certain cognitive activities, learning situations must be structured so that they match the developmental stages.Education must therefore be developmentally appropriate to the abilities of the child and attempts should be made to help children, as they progress from one stage to the next, to manipulate the operations inherent at each stage. Piagets view of cognitive development has been quite formidable and influential in helping researchers understand the processes at work at different stages and ages. There have, however, been several criticisms of the model. One of the major criticisms has focused on the presumed universality of the stages that Piaget describes.He supposes that every child , irrespective of situational context, will go through these stages at a prescribed time and that the principles are therefore applicable to all children everywhere. whatever researchers have noted, however, that the rate and stage of development is not at all universal. The ages that Piaget initially suggested as delineating each stage are therefore thought of as rough estimates and children can enter and exit each stage either earlier or later than initially prescribed.Another concern that was raised with regards to Piagets theory was that it suggested that as the child progressed through the stages that the abilities at the lower stage no longer become useful or necessary. Piaget later clarified, however, that the concrete thinking and other abilities at the lower stage are not only essential before a child is able to progress to more coordination compound thinking but they are also persistent over time and that a child never loses the lower abilities. He suggests that over tim e certain tasks become automatic, almost instinctive, but they are still essential even in the later stages of development.Further Piagets original theory had not considered the equally impact that the environment may have in impacting behavior. His initial argument much to anti-behaviorist and thus the federal agency of environmental factors to shape behavior was almost ignored. Even though he accounted for these influences in his explanations of the process of adaptation and equilibration, he did not focus much on this aspect. Researchers have found that various social and environmental factors can have a considerable impact on a childs development.They propose that a child can enter a stage earlier and progress through that stage much quicker than others based on the stimuli available in his environment. Similarly a childs development may be significantly retarded if adequate stimuli are not provided in the environment. A child would therefore progress through stages later and at a slower pace. The behaviorist position that the environment matters is therefore not completely invalid and their view of the potential influence of the external environment in shaping behavior has some merit.Despite this failure to fully acknowledge and explain the relevance and impact of environmental factors in facilitating knowledge construction based on reality and even though the theory seems to emphasize universal stages of development, Fischer and Hencke (1996) believe that Piaget with his cognitive development theory is notably still the most influential researcher and theorist on developmental that the twentieth century has seen (Fischer & Hencke, 1996, p. 09). Current research Several theorists have arisen in more recent times to expand on Piagets original theory, to propose modifications on the areas of weakness or to suggest a complete new approach to understanding cognitive development. Among those worthy of mention are Robbie Case, Kurt Fischer, Michael Shayer a nd Juan Pascual-Leone. Robbie Case is a neo-Piagetian who agrees with Piagets general position that children go through developmental stages.Case also agrees with Piaget that each stage is delineated based on age and is substitute of the changing ways that children are able to mentally represent reality and how they process information in their instincts. Case also supports that cognitive development occurs in four stages commencing from when a child is around one month old until the period of adulthood. Within each stage he also recognizes substages of development postulating, like Piaget that each successive stage is a continuation or a building on to the author (Sternberg, 1987, p. 08). Beginning in the mid-nineteen seventies Case began to propose alternative interpretations of the stage development theory. He has developed some characteristics in his new theory that are not in complete alignment with original Piagetian thought. His first area of departure is with relation to the way that information is processed in the brain throughout the stages.